http://hdl.handle.net/10027/7796 Fri, 24 May 2013 20:20:58 GMT 2013-05-24T20:20:58Z http://hdl.handle.net/10027/8491 Neighborhood Ethnic Composition and Resident Perceptions of Safety in European Countries Semyonov, Moshe; Gorodzeisky, Anastasia; Glikman, Anya Employing data from the 2002 European Social Survey for 21 national representative samples, we provide the first cross-national analysis of the relations between ethnic composition of neighborhood and perception of neighborhood safety in the European context. The data reveal considerable variation both across countries and across individuals in perceived safety. Bi-level regression analysis shows that perceived safety tends to be lower in countries characterized by a high imprisonment rate and among Europeans who are physically and socially vulnerable (e.g., among women and elderly people, and among populations of low income and low education). Net of individual-level and country-level attributes, the analysis shows that perceived safety is lowest in neighborhoods mostly populated by non-European ethnic minorities and highest in neighborhoods mostly populated by Europeans. The effect of ethnic composition of neighborhood on perceived safety holds even after controlling for previous personal exposure to crime and views toward minorities' impact on crime. We discuss the results in comparison to findings in the United States and in the light of theory in order to delineate the ways that views and perceptions about places are formed and shaped. Published as Semyonov, M., Gorodzeisky, A., & Glikman, A. 2012. Neighborhood Ethnic Composition and Resident Perceptions of Safety in European Countries. Social Problems, 59(1): 117-135. © 2001 by [the Regents of the University of California/Sponsoring Society or Association]. Copying and permissions notice: Authorization to copy this content beyond fair use (as specified in Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law) for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by [the Regents of the University of California/on behalf of the Sponsoring Society] for libraries and other users, provided that they are registered with and pay the specified fee via Rightslink® on [JSTOR (http://www.jstor.org/r/ucal)] or directly with the Copyright Clearance Center, http://www.copyright.com Wed, 01 Feb 2012 06:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10027/8491 2012-02-01T06:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10027/7351 African-American adolescent girls' initiation of sexual activity: survival analysis Dancy, Barbara L.; Crittenden, Kathleen S.; Ning, Hongyan Purpose: African American adolescent females tend to initiate participation in sexual activity at an earlier age than Caucasian adolescent females. Early initial participation in sexual activity is associated with increased HIV risk. However, limited prospective data are available on the rate at which African American adolescent females delay their initial participation in sexual activity. The purpose is to determine low-income inner city African American adolescent females’ survival or continued non-participation in sexual activity over a 20-month period and to determine predictors associated with survival. Methods: A longitudinal quasi-experimental research design with multiple data collection points was used. The convenience sample consisted of 396 African American females with a mean age of 12.4 years (SD = 1.1 years) and their mothers. The adolescents completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of maternal monitoring, HIV transmission knowledge, self-efficacy to refuse sex, intention to refuse sex, and age. Their mothers completed questionnaires assessing perception of maternal monitoring, safer sex self-efficacy, marital status, and educational level. At baseline, the adolescents reported non-participation in sexual activity. Survival analysis was conducted to determine the timing and predictors of sexual activity initiation for these adolescents. Findings: Of the 396 adolescents, 28.5% did not survive; they participated in sexual activity within the 20-month period. Predictors of non-survival were the adolescents’ age, perception of maternal monitoring, and intention to refuse sex. Conclusion: Findings suggest interventions that increase maternal monitoring and adolescents’ intentions to refuse sex could be beneficial in delaying sexual activity. Post print version of article may differ from published version. The definitive version is available through Elsevier at DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2009.11.015 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 06:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10027/7351 2010-03-01T06:00:00Z